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1.Climate as a Public Interest in Planning and Zoning
2.Characteristics and Forms of the Urban Climate
3.Energy-Conscious Planning and Zoning
4.Methods of Information Acquisition for Planning (Measurements, Wind Tunnels, Numerical Modelling)
4.1Measurements
4.1.1Stationary Measurements
4.1.2Measurements with mobile measurement devices
4.1.3Tracer Experiments
4.1.4Vertical Soundings
4.2Wind Tunnel
4.2.1Overview
4.2.2Operation and Investigation Methods
4.2.2.1Visualization of flows and pollutant dispersion by smoke
4.2.2.2Wind Velocity Measurements
4.2.2.3Measurement of Concentration Distribution in Dispersal Experiments
4.2.3Locations of Wind Tunnels
4.3Numerical Modelling of Flow and Transport Processes
4.3.1The Wind Field Model DIWIMO
4.3.2The Cold-Air Flow Model KALM and KLAM 21
4.3.3The Model STREET for Estimating Traffic-Produced Pollution
4.3.4The Model MLuS-02 for Calculating Pollutant Dispersal
on Roads Without Dense Peripheral Development
4.3.5The Model PROKAS for Calculating Air Pollution on Roads
4.3.6The Micro-Scale Model MISKAM
4.3.7Mesoscale Terrain Climatic Models
4.3.8The Urban Climate Models RayMan , ENVI-met and MUKLIMO_3
5.Climatic and Air Hygiene Maps as Aids for Planning and Zoning (Example: Climate Atlas Federation Region Stuttgart)
6.Recommendations for Planning
7.Bibliography
8.Thematic Websites
Imprint
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METHODS OF INFORMATION ACQUISITION FOR PLANNING (MEASUREMENTS, WIND TUNNELS, NUMERICAL MODELLING)
   
 4.3.4 The Model MLuS-02 for Calculating Pollutant Dispersal
on Roads Without Dense Peripheral Development

The model MLuS-02 (Merkblatt über Luftverunreinigungen an Strassen – Handbook for Air Pollution on Roads; Version 6.0 Edition 2005) was produced by the Research Institute for Roads and Traffic in Cologne. The model allows the estimation of average annual pollution and short-term pollution (98-percentile) produced by traffic. In the "General Road Building Memorandum No. 30/1992" the Federal Minister for Transportation recommended the model"s use for federal highways. In its Administrative Regulations (GABL 2002, No. 14, p.817) the Transportation Ministry of Baden-Württemberg also signed on to this decree. Accordingly, the MLuS-02 is to be used for federal highways, state roads, and municipal connecting roads.The MLuS-02 allows the numerical estimation of airborne gas pollution on roads without or with loose peripheral development (Figure 4/22).

The model is not valid for the calculation of pollution in street canyons or in the middle of dense development. Likewise the model is not supposed to be used on strongly differentiated terrain.

Since the model only deals with calculated estimates of air pollution on roads, cases with special values (e.g. exceeding the threshold values) require a detailed specialized appraisal.

The bases for the computations are the distance-dependent concentration ratios depicted in
Figure 4/23.

MLuS-02 (Edition 2005) can be used for:

  • Traffic counts above 5,000 vehicles/day
  • Velocities above 50 km/h
  • Trough depths and dam heights under 15 m
  • Lengthwise street inclination less than 6%
  • Two or more lanes
  • Gaps within the frontage development > 50%
  • Distances between the buildings and the edge of the lane > 2 building heights
  • Building width < 2 building heights
  • Distances from the road up to 200 m

    With the decrease in concentrations as distance increases, it is apparent that these decreases are less pronounced for nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons relative to other pollutant components. In the case of NO2 this can be traced back to the special air chemistry involved in the conversion of NO to NO2.Furthermore now also the computation of the influence of noise protection walls and barriers as well as of tunnel portals and crossings is possible.
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    Fig. 4/22: The road (and its automobile traffic) as (linear) source of pollution
     
    Fig. 4/23: Relative dispersal of various pollutants according to MLuS-92